Climate change and its impact on women's economic participation (Case study: urban areas of the country)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 M.A. Student in Theoretical Economics, Department of Economic, Faculty of Economics, Management & Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Economic, Faculty of Economics, Management & Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

10.22034/jepr.2025.144211.1292

Abstract

Climate change, as one of the greatest global challenges, not only leads to the destruction of ecosystems and the increase in natural hazards, but also exacerbates existing inequalities in societies. One important dimension of these inequalities is gender equality in economic participation. Women, especially in developing countries, are more affected by climate change than men due to their specific social and economic roles. This situation can lead to increased economic and social inequalities and limit women’s ability to cope with climate crises. Since women not only constitute half of the society but are also the educators of future generations through their role as mothers, it is necessary to identify factors that can weaken their role and position in society, and solutions to address them should be provided by the country’s scientific community. In this research, as an analytical study, the relationship between climate change and economic participation (the ratio of women’s to men’s participation in the urban labor market) in 30 provinces of Iran during the period 2015-2023 (1394-1402 in the Iranian calendar) has been investigated using the Generalized Method of Moments. The De Martonne aridity index has been considered as an indicator of climate change. The results of the dynamic panel model, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), show that climate change and increased drought reduce women’s participation in the urban labor market in Iran due to their greater exposure to vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary for educational and media institutions to prioritize educating and raising awareness of the entire society about climate change and its consequences.

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منشأ مقاله

این مقاله مستخرج از پایان‌نامه کارشناسی‌ارشد نویسنده اول است.

 

Economic Policies and Research
Volume 4, Issue 4 - Serial Number 16
December 2025
Pages 61-94

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History

  • Receive Date: 11 August 2025
  • Revise Date: 26 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 02 November 2025
  • Publish Date: 22 December 2025

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